March 18, 2023
A Dome of a Different Color
Originally published April 24, 2013
images from LROC Featured Images (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University)
Along the eastern shores of northern Oceanus Procellarum is the slightly famous Mairan T dome. It is steep-sided with large craters on top, a most unusual lunar dome that has long been recognized as a red spot, and presumably constructed of more silica-rich lavas than most other lunar volcanics. Two other nearby and less spectacular hills are also red spots and they have been unimaginatively called Mairan middle and south. Now data from the LRO Diverer infrared radiometer has determined that these three features plus a fourth one to the north (Mairan northwest), are indeed composed of silica-rich volcanic rocks. The magmas that erupt such rocks are considered to be evolved because on Earth they are are not primary magmas coming directly from the mantle - as ocean floor basalts are - but modified from a basic basalt by the intermixing with materials of other compositions or by a basalt continually becoming more silicic by separation of crystallized parts of a magma from the still melted parts. Neither of these processes perfectly explains how lunar silicic magmas evolved. But from the point of view of an observer, it doesn't matter. Here are more obervational targets, made fascinating by the fact that they are a bizarre rock type that can't be easily explained. The new Mairan northwest dome is about 180 m high and 3.2 km wide - it should be detectable when the illumination is low in the area.
Chuck Wood
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